Using graphic images of drinking and driving crashes or before-and-after photos of people using substances might seem like a good way to prevent substance use. However, decades of research show that scare tactics don’t work. In fact, they can backfire and lead to more substance use!
This happens for many reasons. People naturally push back against fear-based messages. They may deny that bad things can happen to them or avoid thinking about scary topics. Young people, whose brains are still growing, may also seek excitement and not fully understand the consequences of their actions. They might also notice real-life examples of substance use that don’t match the warnings they’ve been given, causing them to lose trust in prevention messages.
It makes sense why some might use fear in prevention messages, but research shows a better way. Encouraging logical decision-making, building resilience, and teaching coping skills work best. Instead of focusing on threats and negative outcomes, highlight people who succeed by making healthy choices.